How is Salmonella infection diagnosed? How is infection treated? Antibiotic treatment is recommended for: People with severe illness People with a weakened immune system, such as from HIV infection or chemotherapy treatment Adults older than 50 who have medical problems, such as heart disease Infants children younger than 12 months.
Adults age 65 or older Can infection cause long-term health problems? How do people get infected? People can get Salmonella infection from a variety of sources, including Eating contaminated food or drinking contaminated water Touching infected animals, their feces, or their environment Who is more likely to get an infection and severe illness?
Children under 5 years old are the most likely to get a Salmonella infection. Infants children younger than 12 months who are not breast fed are more likely to get a Salmonella infection. Infants, adults aged 65 and older, and people with a weakened immune system are the most likely to have severe infections. People taking certain medicines for example, stomach acid reducers are at increased risk of infection. What should I know about antibiotic resistance and Salmonella? What can be done to prevent antibiotic resistance and resistant bacteria?
How common is Salmonella infection? Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States, Atlanta, GA: U. Emerging Infectious Diseases. Atlanta, Georgia: U. Reactive arthritis: clinical aspects and medical management external icon.
Rheum Dis Clin North Am. Salmonella can spread to people in foods contaminated by infected animal feces. This can happen when foods such as poultry, eggs, and beef are not cooked enough.
Fruit and vegetables can also be contaminated from feces in the soil or water where they're grown. People with salmonellosis can spread the infection from several days to several weeks after they've been infected — even if their symptoms have disappeared or they've been treated with antibiotics.
Not everyone who ingests Salmonella bacteria will become ill. Children, especially infants, are most likely to get sick from it. About 50, cases of salmonellosis are reported in the United States each year and about one third of those are in kids 4 years old or younger.
People at risk for more serious complications from a Salmonella infection include those who:. In these higher-risk groups, most doctors will treat an infection with antibiotics to prevent it from spreading to other parts of the body. Antibiotics do not appear to help a healthy person whose infection is not severe — and may actually lengthen the amount of time the person will carry the bacteria.
Because many different illnesses can cause similar symptoms such as nausea, fever, cramping, and diarrhea , doctors may send a stool poop sample to the lab for testing. A severe Salmonella infection will require more testing to see which specific germ is causing the illness and which antibiotics can be used to treat it.
If your child has salmonellosis and a healthy immune system, your doctor may let the infection pass without giving any medicines.
But any time a child develops a fever, headache, or bloody diarrhea, call the doctor to rule out any other problems. If your child is infected and has a fever, you may want to give acetaminophen to lower the temperature and relieve cramping. As with any infection that causes diarrhea, it's important to give your child plenty of liquids to avoid dehydration. Salmonellosis symptoms can take from 6 to 72 hours to start after someone ingests the bacteria.
In most people, the illness lasts for 4 to 7 days after symptoms begin. Hand washing is a powerful way to guard against Salmonella infections. So teach kids to wash their hands well and often, particularly after trips to the bathroom and before handling food. Thorough cooking or pasteurization kills Salmonella bacteria.
The symptoms of salmonella food poisoning often come on quickly, usually within 8 to 72 hours after consuming contaminated food or water. Symptoms may be aggressive and can last for up to 48 hours.
Dehydration caused by diarrhea is a serious concern, especially in children and infants. The very young can become severely dehydrated in just one day. This can lead to death. The warning signs of dehydration in toddlers ». To diagnose salmonella food poisoning, your doctor will do a physical examination. They may check if your abdomen is tender. They may look for a rash with small pink dots on your skin.
If these dots are accompanied by a high fever, they may indicate a serious form of salmonella infection called typhoid fever. Your doctor may also do a blood test or stool culture. This is to look for actual evidence and samples of Salmonella bacteria in your body.
Food poisoning ». The main treatment for salmonella food poisoning is replacing fluids and electrolytes that you lose when you have diarrhea. Adults should drink water or suck on ice cubes. Your pediatrician may suggest rehydration drinks such as Pedialyte for children. In addition, modify your diet to include only easily digestible foods.
Bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast are good options. You should avoid dairy products and get plenty of rest. This allows your body to fight the infection.
If nausea prevents you from drinking liquids, you may need to see your doctor and receive intravenous IV fluids. Young children may also need IV fluids.
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