The study registered a total of 49 patients with vitiligo 28 female; 21 male and 20 healthy controls 10 female; 10 male with a variety of demographic and clinical characteristics Table 1. Values were Nine patients There were no signs of NTG in the control group.
Normal-tension glaucoma was diagnosed in the vitiligo group based on glaucomatous optic disc appearance, visual field defects, and structural analysis of the entire optic nerve head in confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope. In the vitiligo group, of the 9 patients who had NTG, 6 had periorbital vitiligo lesions; the remaining 3 had none. Glaucoma is characterized by increased IOP, visual field loss, and changes in the optic nerve head.
Although elevated IOP is common in ocular hypertension as well as in glaucoma, there is no glaucomatous visual field loss in ocular hypertension. In NTG, on the other hand, glaucomatous visual field loss and optic nerve head changes occur without an increase in IOP.
It is believed that NTG and high-tension glaucoma induce optic nerve head damage through different means. These theories include vascular disorders eg, ischemia, which interrupts the orthograde or retrograde axonal transport , excessive accumulation of free radicals, triggering of apoptosis, and low resistance of lamina cribrosa.
Vitiligo is the loss of skin pigmentation caused by autoimmune destruction of melanocytes. Little is known about the impact of psychological No abstract available.
Skip to main content. Original Research. It often starts small, but it can spread over time. Oswald Mikell, MD , and our team at Dermatology Associates of the Lowcountry specialize in diagnosing and treating vitiligo. The most common and most noticeable sign of vitiligo is patches of skin that are lighter or whiter than the rest of your skin.
Vitiligo patches can be any size and appear anywhere on your body. However, the patches often develop on the hands, arms, face, and feet first. As the condition progresses, patches may get larger and affect mucous membranes, such as the inside of the mouth and nose, along with the genitals. Your hair gets its color from the melanocytes in the skin that it grows from, so hair might appear lighter or white if it grows in a patch of vitiligo.
Hair anywhere on your body can lose pigment due to vitiligo. Look for light or white hair on your scalp, in your eyebrows, along your eyelashes, or in the beard area. Melanocytes in your irises are responsible for your eye color. If vitiligo affects these cells, your eye color could change.
But eye color that changes abruptly or significantly could indicate vitiligo in your eyes. In rare cases, vitiligo can affect cells in your retinas and impact your quality of vision. Vitiligo often starts as a pale patch of skin that gradually turns completely white.
The centre of a patch may be white, with paler skin around it. If there are blood vessels under the skin, the patch may be slightly pink, rather than white. The edges of the patch may be smooth or irregular. They're sometimes red and inflamed, or there's brownish discolouration hyperpigmentation. Vitiligo does not cause discomfort to your skin, such as dryness, but the patches may occasionally be itchy. The condition varies from person to person.
Some people only get a few small, white patches, but others get bigger white patches that join up across large areas of their skin. There's no way of predicting how much skin will be affected. The white patches are usually permanent. In rare cases, it's possible for vitiligo to affect your whole body.
This is known as universal or complete vitiligo. In non-segmental vitiligo also called bilateral or generalised vitiligo , the symptoms often appear on both sides of your body as symmetrical white patches. Non-segmental vitiligo is the most common type of vitiligo, affecting around 9 in 10 people with the condition.
In segmental vitiligo also known as unilateral or localised vitiligo , the white patches only affect one area of your body.
Segmental vitiligo is less common than non-segmental vitiligo, although it's more common in children. It usually starts earlier and affects 3 in 10 children with vitiligo. Vitiligo is caused by the lack of a pigment called melanin in the skin. Melanin is produced by skin cells called melanocytes, and it gives your skin its colour. In vitiligo, there are not enough working melanocytes to produce enough melanin in your skin.
This causes white patches to develop on your skin or hair. It's not clear exactly why the melanocytes disappear from the affected areas of skin.
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