So, we know that architects wanted to make bigger, more elaborate buildings, and engineers helped them to figure out how to make it possible.
It seems, then, that architects come up with an idea and then make a plan that engineers help them execute. The architect's plan has a special name — it's called a blueprint see Figure 2.
Has anyone seen a blueprint? What is the purpose of a blueprint? After the architect creates the blueprint building plan , the engineer goes over the architect's design and decides what materials must be used to make bring the architect's design to completion and to make the building strong enough for use.
Many types of engineers also work on other systems within a building, such as elevators, lighting, heating, ventilation, air-conditioning, plumbing and much more. It requires a lot of engineering teamwork to design, construct and finally prepare a building for daily use. From selecting appropriate furniture to energy efficient window coverings to sound proofing carpet, there are a lot of details that go into building design.
An architect and engineer both participate in designing and building a structure, whether it is a house or a skyscraper.
An architect designs and draws up plans for buildings, bridges, and other structures. The goal of an architect's design is to satisfy the customer's requirements, making the appearance of the structure to the customer's liking and performing quality work.
Civil, architectural and structural engineers have the responsibility of applying an architect's design and carrying it through to construction. The goal of these engineers is to satisfy the customer's requirements and make the design functional and safe. Other engineers that may be involved in building design are electrical engineers for the lighting systems, mechanical engineers for the elevator, and plumbing engineers for the plumbing system, among others.
Figure 3. A scaled-drawing. The key difference between an architect and an engineer is that an architect focuses more on the artistry and design of the building, while the engineer focuses more on the technical and structural side. While the architect is concerned with making the building aesthetically pleasing, an engineer makes sure that the building is functional and safe. There is, of course, a lot of overlap, but these definitions should give students a general idea. Architects design a structure by considering the customer's needs and requirements.
Engineers design the structure according to the architect's design, including electrical drawings, structural layout and plumbing.
To develop and present their designs, both architects and engineers use technical drawings called blueprints. A blueprint is the detailed drawing presented by an architect or engineer that outlines their design. In designing any structure, an architect has to plan out their ideas by making a scaled drawing see Figure 3.
Before an engineer can approve an architect's design, they have to analyze the design and select materials that can safely uphold the structure. An engineer takes the blueprint presented by an architect and determines whether or not it is possible to build, and what are the best materials to use.
Different materials have different advantages, such as greater strength or greater flexibility. One advantage of wood, for example, is that it provides a lot of strength but can also be cut down to size with ease. Steel, however, is better for tall buildings because it is stronger than wood and can be made into long beams. There are a lot of decisions that go into every minor detail of designing and building structures.
In order to design safe structures that will last for many decades, engineers must stay current on the properties of materials, know about design flaws and research new engineering technology.
Watch this activity on YouTube. It is getting close to game time and your class decides to head into the stadium to grab your seats before the action starts! As you walk into Olympic stadium, you are still thinking about what you just learned about architects and engineers. You know that there are lots of different sites for the different Olympic events: the soccer field, the gymnasium, the swimming facility, and many more.
Some of these buildings look really neat and must have taken a lot of work from both architects and engineers! Let's see if you can remember the difference between the roles of an architect and an engineer. Who can tell me what architects do? Answer: An architect focuses more on the artistry and design of the building. And what do engineers do? Answer: The engineer focuses more on the technical and structural side.
Can someone give an example of how engineers and architects have different responsibilities in designing a building? Possible Answers: Architects decide where windows and lighting should be, where doorways and stairs should be located, where built in bookshelves and counters should be, etc. Engineers concern themselves with making buildings safe and functional by selecting structural materials, deciding where the structural members of the design need to go, and designing the electrical, heating, ventilation, air conditioning and plumbing systems.
I have one more question for you. Who remembers what very important thing had to happen before architects and engineers could build tall skyscrapers? That's right! Steel, which is stronger than wood, had to be invented. This is a great example of how an engineering development allows architects to realize their vision of amazingly tall buildings. Figure 4. An example of engineers and architects working together to make the architect's design come to life.
Today, civil engineering is often associated with the world's most jaw-dropping structures, such as Sydney Opera House, the Shard and China's Jiaozhou Bay Bridge. But civil engineering is also about maintaining and adapting the infrastructure that people depend on every day - roads, railways and bridges, energy and water supply, waste networks, and flood defenses.
Civil engineers have to keep this infrastructure running effectively and adapt it to meet challenges, such as population growth, climate change, and natural disasters. They must also find ways to deliver the infrastructure needed when there is little money to pay for it. Put simply, civil engineers have to come up with solutions to complex problems and implement them; they literally shape the world people live in.
There are two types of civil engineering roles: consultants who focus on design work and generally spend more time in the office or working with clients, and contractors who are more involved with keeping an eye on the physical construction and are usually based on-site. Both are challenging environments, and all civil engineers are required to be innovative and logical individuals.
Other essential attributes civil engineers need include: creativity, versatility, a problem-solving mind, and the ability to understand the bigger picture and to collaborate with a number of other professionals. Civil engineers design, build, supervise, operate, and maintain construction projects and systems in the public and private sector, including roads, buildings, airports, tunnels, dams, bridges, and systems for water supply and sewage treatment.
Many civil engineers work in design, construction, research, and education. Civil engineers inspect projects to insure regulatory compliance. In addition, they are tasked with ensuring that safe work practices are followed at construction sites.
Many civil engineers hold supervisory or administrative positions ranging from supervisor of a construction site to city engineer, public works director, or city manager. Others work in design, construction, research, and education. Civil engineers not only design and develop new infrastructure, but they also play an important role in rebuilding projects in instances like natural disaster.
Civil engineers can be found in both the public and private sectors. This can be a very broad engineering discipline, so we will examine a few different branches of civil engineering.
A residential project will have very different needs from a commercial or municipal project. Although their responsibilities change depending on the project, the basics remain the same.
All projects will include organizational, technical, and supervisory tasks examples? Projects can be anywhere from a small home to a multi-million dollar high rise. As part of the site management team, site engineers are responsible for the health, safety, organization, security, and supervising of people and resources.
Site engineers are instrumental in effective communication with the site manager and subcontractors. They mark out the site, and they make sure the designs are implemented correctly. Site engineers also manage relationships with consultants, clients, and their representatives. Site engineers can be seen as managers of the construction site. They are a primary source of quality control and technical advice. Another essential job function is ensuring accuracy of all calculations, checking material quantities and drawings, and surveying the job site.
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